Finns and sauna are inseparable. In a country with some 5.6 million people, there are at least three million saunas. Almost every private home has a sauna, larger apartment buildings often have a shared sauna in the basement, and then there are summer cottages and villas, where a sauna is definitely a must. Not everybody heats the sauna up every day, even if some do: most often, it’s heated a couple of times a week, especially on weekends, to get the week out of your system and let the sweet humid heat treat your bones.
In the last ten years, sauna boats have become increasingly popular. Quite often they are run by businesses offering lake cruises, but sometimes they are there to circumvent building limitations, as saunas are no longer allowed to be built directly on the water’s edge as they once were. A temporary setup such as a sauna boat, tethered to a pier, gets around that – as long as it’s not there long enough to be regarded as a permanent fixture. Since Finland has some 200,000 lakes, there are enough lakeside towns that sauna boats have popped up here and there to attract tourists, and it’s something that Japanese tourists in love with Finnish culture and traditions have taken to heart. This curious sauna boat, built with combined Finnish and Japanese know-how, also experiments with an alternative fuel: hydrogen.
Usually, Finnish saunas are heated either using firewood or electricity. The Finnish sauna stove maker Harvia offers both kinds, for different use cases. If you live in the countryside, a wood-fired sauna stove is the traditional way, but in an urban setting you just have electric coils heat up the sauna stones, for convenience.
Harvia, which also sells its stoves in North America, partnered with Toyota last year to create a hydrogen-powered sauna, which was displayed at the Secto Rally Finland in Jyväskylä last summer. Toyota’s rally team, Toyota Gazoo Racing, has a rally car factory in Jyväskylä and is building a technical center nearby, and the location in Central Finland is well known for the rally, which has formerly been known as Neste Rally Finland as well as the 1000 Lakes Rally. Toyota, which builds the fuel-cell-powered Mirai, is constantly researching use cases for hydrogen, and a few years ago it displayed a hydrogen-converted AE86 drift car at the Tokyo Auto Salon.
See The Løveli Lakes
When it comes to attracting visitors, Finland relies on the unbeatable combo of a serene, remote forest and a rally car blasting through it at 11/10s. Jokes aside, Finland is very well known in Japan and attracts a lot of tourists from there, partially because of the unbothered nature, vast forests, and numerous beautiful lakes you can find here, but also thanks to the Moomin animated series based on Finnish children’s books that was produced in Japan. Moomins, much like Alphaville, are big in Japan.
A couple of years earlier, the town of Jyväskylä set up a non-profit organization with Toyota Gazoo Racing World Rally Team and Toyota Mobility Foundation, called Central Finland Mobility Foundation, or Cefmof. It focuses on finding applications for hydrogen, with carbon neutrality and hydrogen research in mind.
Currently, there are a number of Toyota Mirais in use in the Jyväskylä region, the only place in Finland where you can fuel up a hydrogen car; previously, the closest place to do that was the Stockholm Arlanda airport, a ferry ride away. Benefits of a hydrogen fuel cell car include a quick “recharging” time, which is often brought up in comparison to rapid charging an EV. But as the hydrogen distribution network is still quite minuscule compared to widely available electricity, from roadside rapid chargers to household wall sockets, practical applications of hydrogen need to be showcased in various ways, beyond passenger cars or delivery trucks.
Finland is striving to become a significant producer of low-cost renewable hydrogen using wind power, and windmills have popped up in greater numbers all around Western Finland in recent years. The government plans to produce one million tons of green hydrogen by 2030, but it’s unclear how much of that can be used in the road network rather than industrial applications.
Hydrogen Heats The Sauna Stones And Powers The Boat
Harvia and Cefmof’s first project was to develop a hydrogen-powered sauna. Conceptually, it’s something of an intermediate between a traditional wood-powered sauna stove that directs heat from the fire below through channels among the stones, towards the stovepipe, and a regular electric stove that heats the stones using coils.
The hydrogen stove has a hydrogen combustion heater, which channels flames and warm air much like a wood-powered stove, but size-wise it’s much closer to an electric stove. This week, Toyota released a video on its Toyota Times YouTube channel, showing off the sauna boat. In the Toyota Times clip, it is said that a hydrogen stove produces a more humid heat than an electric stove, which can be irritatingly dry at times.
In addition to the earlier sauna project and the boat, Cefmof has also built a Hydrogen House in Jyväskylä to showcase its practical uses. The house, which is built to look like a completely normal family home, has roof-mounted solar panels and a Metener electrolyzer.
Using solar power, the electrolyzer produces hydrogen from water, with a maximum hydrogen storage capacity of around 200 lbs. When solar power isn’t available, a Panasonic fuel cell produces power from the stored hydrogen. Ideally, hydrogen would be produced in the summer when solar energy is easily harvested, and during the dark and cold months hydrogen would power the house – even off-grid.
For the past couple of rallies in Jyväskylä, Metener also built a Hydrogen Pitstop that it showcased during the rally event, with a mobile electrolyzer filling up hydrogen cartridges.
Since there isn’t permanent pier-side hydrogen refueling infrastructure in Jyväskylä, but rather just the one public hydrogen station for cars, the hydrogen sauna boat uses swappable cartridges about the size of a diver’s oxygen tank.
In Toyota’s video below, the cartridges are shown to be filled from a mobile platform in the harbor, a similar Metener electrolyser which is also in use at the Hydrogen House. The video has English captions available.
The boat’s Yamaha HARMO outboard engines don’t run on hydrogen directly, as they’re electric and powered by the boat’s fuel cell. Silent running is a definite bonus even on a sauna boat, even if you’re not supposed to sit in silence in the sauna: it’s one of the few places where Finns usually hold jovial conversation.
A kilogram’s worth of hydrogen is required for a two-hour cruise, and swapping the cartridges is quick. An electric boat would need to charge its batteries for far longer, even if solar panels were fitted to provide extra power.
In Toyota’s video, it’s shown that the idea for the hydrogen sauna boat would have been invented in the sauna: much like shower thoughts, some of the best ideas and solutions are developed in the sauna.
Steered from the top deck, the sauna boat can go on lake cruises while occupants enjoy the sauna or operate the BBQ, which is also located up top. Like the stove, the grill is hydrogen-powered.
The sauna boat combines something that’s traditionally Finnish with Japanese high-end technology, with a bit of weirdness and ingenuity from both. It isn’t yet open to the public, as it’s more of a prototype and a proof of concept, but as an oddball practical application for hydrogen, it’s one I could see being widely accepted.
(Photos: Cefmof unless otherwise noted)
Flying to Moscow via Helsinki, on the layover, I bought a I [heart icon] Finland t-shirt that I ran in on a jog around Novosibirsk. When I got home and washed it, it shrank to where it wasn’t wearable on someone more than eight years of age.
I really liked my 18 hours in Helsinki. A lot!! Flying out back to the US, we went through Copenhagen and barely had time to go through customs and get to the next flight.
The second and last time from the US to Moscow was via Frankfurt on the way in and Stockholm on the way home with a layover and chance to rent a Saab 9000 stick(!) from Arlanda. Years later, I bought a used one. Je ne regrette rien.
Both times were in summer months, and I suppose I need to go back to Scandinavia in the dead of winter and see if it’s as charming.
I like the idea of the hydrogen cartridges. These could be used for scooters and generators etc.
I also have a lot of doubt about their viability.
A floating sauna sounds like the “Yacht Tubs” I saw in Portland, floating hot tubs that you can rent and putter around the river in.
Everyone in Houston has a sauna, it’s located right outside their front door
The one out the back door is roomier and more private, though.
I survived 6 years in Beaumont and know what you mean. In August, even the pool was at 95*F.
Toyota’s push for hydrogen is just embarrassing at this point.
Oh man, you’ve got me missing Finland all over again. I have spent far more than enough time there to become a bit picky about my saunas. Diving into snowbanks and frozen lakes (especially above the Arctic Circle) will always be fond memories, although my favorite sessions have tended to be at friends’ country homes with a nice non-frozen lake to jump into. Without question wood-fired and even the occasional smoke sauna are my favorites; electric will do in a pinch but it’s just not the same as it doesn’t lend the same comforting warmth. The only places I depart from tradition is that I am not a huge fan of self-flagellation with birch branches, and I top out at around 90C while real Finns can go hotter.
Oh yeah, I don’t really go for the birch slapping either. I’ve been to a sauna experience that had a bit of the mystical about it, with some chanting and birch whisks waved in my face, but it just made me feel like my head was going through a car wash. Coincidentally, I’m taking part in a sauna festival next week.
If you have a cedar lined sauna, which most are, it’s important to wet the surfaces down before heating as the cedar will dry out over time making it more combustible. Also, there should always be a source of fresh air entering. While in the winter that will be dry air, but it’s important for fire safety. If the room is sealed and becomes super heated, it can explode when opening the door and letting a rush of oxygen in.
Both of these things make breathing much easier and more pleasant. I run around 110C, especially when there is a snowdrift right outside the door to save me.
Surely the real Finnish sauna experience requires catching a 90° nylon washing line across the shoulders
I hope Finland has so much renewable energy production that throwing a bunch of it away on inefficient hydrogen generation is worth it.
I get that the output of burning hydrogen is water, but if your sauna is irritatingly dry, isn’t that just an indication that you didn’t put enough water on the stove?
I assume that doesn’t include the hydrogen burned from the fuel cell to run the engines, because I can’t imagine running a boat for two hours on only 1 kg of any type of fuel.
It’s difficult to explain, but some electric saunas have a really dry heat no matter how much water you throw. Sometimes that can be alleviated by properly watering the benches, and perhaps it also has something to do with the sauna stones and air circulation, but I’ve been to electric saunas that are just tough to breathe in since the steam feels… harder. We have a wood-fired Harvia stove in ours and it produces a gentle heat that’s easier to spend longer times in, from the get go.
Interesting. I don’t use saunas often, but last time I did it was wood-fired and also hard to breathe in. It’s possible we had it way too hot in there though. 🙂
If you let it heat up too much before entering, it’s gonna be hard to get used to!
Quote from Cefmof sounds like propulsion is included: “A single kilogram of hydrogen enables approximately two hours of operation, allowing passengers to enjoy a cruise, a hydrogen sauna, and a hydrogen-powered grill.”
Based on the numbers I found in a quick Google search, that would mean the entire boat could run on approximately 1 gallon of gas too. I don’t buy that for something this large. Even a much smaller pontoon boat would burn around 5 gallons an hour.
That said, if they did manage to run a boat this size on that little fuel then this is a serious breakthrough!
That last thing eh,
Hydrogen is one hell of a fuel. But I think this is are just two trolling motors.
A pontoon sauna might go over well in Minnesota before/after the ice goes out of the lakes.
Cut a hole in the bottom and go fishing from the sauna
A hydrogen powered boat that is shaped like a cube. Is there any way to make this less energy efficient?
Try floating one in January or February when the lakes have >1M of ice. That would be less efficient.
It looks like it’s got a normal boat-shaped hull under the cube.
Yeah, looks like a party barge…err, pontoon boat to me. Just really big.
I would expect that is the point.
‘Boat rides’ at 3 knots around a lake. Enough time to enjoy a sauna and have some brats and beers and relax
Hull shape matters far more and it’s doubtful this will ever travel fast enough to encounter air resistance. Crosswinds and such might make it less comfortable though but even then the water would be rough enough to be the main issue.
If you mean aerodynamics, those really don’t matter at the speed this travels