I’ve never made a secret of my lifelong affection for the humble Volkswagen Beetle. I bought my first one at 15, before I could even drive, and they’ve been a part of my life since. I’m not under any illusions about them, though; they have perhaps the most troubling origin story of any mass-produced car, especially for a foreskinless fella such as myself, and even by 1980s standards they feel pretty agricultural. And even if love is blind, it’s not completely stupid, which is why I need to call out what I always thought was one of the worst design choices of most pre-1968 Volkswagens. This is important, people. And timely.
I should mention that what I’m going to show you isn’t exclusively a Volkswagen affectation; there were other cars that did this, but VW has to have produced – by far – the most cars that did this. Here’s what I’m talking about:
See that? It’s the fuel filler. And it’s right there, in the trunk.
Beetles had the in-trunk fuel filler since the car was designed in 1938 until its first major and comprehensive update in 1968. Other VWs like the Karmann-Ghia and Type 3s did it as well, as you can see here:
…and, here are a few other cars that used this method, like the Fiats 500 and 600, the DeLorean, and the legendary Mercedes 300SL Gullwing, though that one may be more a result of its racing heritage (a lot of ’50s and ’60s race cars had a fuel filler located in the trunk, directly on the tank). Porsche 356s have an in-trunk fuel filler, too, because of the Beetle-derived origins of the car, and those finally got an external flap with the 356C in 1964. I’m sure there are more out there, but these are some of the more common ones.
So, here’s my problem with the in-trunk fuel filler, in case it isn’t completely obvious: it’s way too easy to spill gasoline all over the stuff in your trunk. Plus, in case you’re like my dad and have no sense of smell (that’s actually true, and it’s why he couldn’t be a chemist like he wanted. Though he occasionally did stink) I should inform you that gasoline does smell. Strongly. I’ve carried a slightly leaky gas can in the trunk of my car and the resulting gasoline smell was powerful and lingered for what seemed like weeks.
If you’re on a road trip, let’s say, with your VW’s trunk packed full of your duffel bags, and you stop for gas and accidentally drip some gas onto your luggage as you’re lifting the nozzle out, then you’re going to smell like gas for your entire weekend at the lakehouse. This scenario must have happened countless times over the 1950s and 1960s, right? How could it not?
I just don’t get it. At first, I thought this had to be for cost-cutting reasons, since Beetles were, you know, very cheap, but that doesn’t explain why VW continued to use this method on their more up-market Type 3s or Karmann-Ghias? And, if the cost of routing the fuel filler to the outside of the car was really so prohibitive, then how come other very inexpensive cars like the Citroën 2CV and BMC Mini and Renault 4 and old Crosleys and so many others managed to pull it off?
This is one of those design decisions that, in hindsight, is absolutely baffling to me. Why was this considered okay? The potential for a minor mistake to become a colossal, whole-trip-ruining fuckup is just far, far, too great. Remember, these cars were sold in an era before automatic-shutoff gas pumps, so think how easy it would be to put the pump in, set the hold open latch (those have been in use since 1957, letting a gas station attendant clean your windows or whatever while your car gets filled up) and walk away, only to come back a few moments late and the pump is ejaculating gasoline all over everything in your trunk. This had to have happened many times.
On most cars, the worst that would happen is that you’d spill gasoline down the side of your car, which you’d wipe off with the windshield squeegee between the pumps, and then you’d dry off. But in a trunk-filler car like an old Beetle or 356 or Fiat 600, if you had any luggage in there, you and whoever else was in the car with you would be royally, flammably fucked.
It’s just so unforgiving. It’s like an error magnifier, where it can take a minor mistake and elevate it to the level of disaster. Who wants that?
Anyway, VW finally took care of the problem in 1968. But I still have to ask why the hell it took them 30 years to solve this very obvious deficiency. I reached out to Volkswagen in 1955 to issue my complaints (I yelled at a gravestone in New Jersey of someone I’m pretty sure worked at VW of America in the PR department from 1953 to 1966), and I’ll update you when I hear back.
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I owned a 1967 Beetle in which I took delivery of in Cleveland, Ohio in May 1967. You did not fill the gas tank from under the hood, it was on the side of the car. Possibly the exact dates of when they made this change are a little sketchy!
Not that it was a concern, because back in the day, gas stations were full service and they pumped it for you! The way it should be!
Torch,
In the trunk is better. I have both 67 and 69 beetles. The 69 with it’s external filler is the one that smells and you must pull up on one side to the pump. The 67 does not smell and can be fuel easily from either side of the car.
My 1986 and 1990 Alpine GTA’s had the filler under the hood. They did have a rudimentary spill collar, but still not ideal!
Meanwhile Land Rover put it under the driver’s seat cushion.
No, really.
That is a carry over from their Willys Jeep origins. The Military Jeep through the early CJ5’s all had the gas tank under the driver’s seat. After a while there was an external filler neck added so you didn’t have to lift up the cushion. My co-worker used to refer to that setup as the ‘ejector seat’.
I have heard (not sure if true) that the gas tank was under the driver’s seat so it was less likely to be shot from the rear if you were fleeing the enemy.
Not to mention how that must have enhanced the experience of filling up in any kind of inclement weather.
Could it have been a measure to prevent fuel theft?
And we have a winner. Hard to steal gas when it’s under the hood.
Here’s a scenario I witnessed in the early ’70s when I was about ten or so… Guy with a Beetle pulls into the Koch station where my Dad was filling up. As the guy is filling the tank under the trunk lid, fuel vapors are building up in the trunk space. At some point, we hear a CLICK and then WOOF as something in the Beetle ignites the accumulated vapors and follows them to where they are coming out of the fuel filler as the gasoline going into the tank is displacing the vapors in the tank. They guy turns off the nozzle and pulls it out of the filler as pretty blue flames come from the filler. Things happened pretty quick after that, I’m not sure what happened with the Beetle driver or his passenger, but I do remember Dad telling me to run as he stepped up and covered the fuel filler with his shoe. I remember looking back and seeing my Dad standing there, one foot on the ground the other on the fuel filler to snuff out the flames in the tank as the station attendant hit the big red button that killed power to the whole station, distracting another guy turning into the station causing him to broadside an oncoming car. Talking to Dad later he said the only thing running though his mind was that he hoped that the Beetle didn’t have a vented tank.
TLDR gasoline vapors build up in trunk while filling up, Beetle ignites vapors, Dad covers fuel inlet with the sole of his shoe to snuff out the flames in the tank.
Your dad is a badass.
I second the badass appellation for dear old dad. Having seen a 50′ power yacht blow its deck structure about 100′ into the air while refilling at the pumps outside of the Rusty Scupper Restaurant just below Ft. McHenry in Baltimore, and also blowing out all the facing windows in the restaurant, I can say that I have a great deal of respect for such vapors. Dad was trying to save the situation there with his (I’m going to guess, Jack Purcell sneakers.) Patent badassery.
Ugh, that fuel filler cap in the Renault 4 is all kinds of wrong. If it looked like a daily driver I’d be fine with it, but seeing the hi-res image on wikipedia, it looks like a very well maintained pre-67. The proper metallic fuel cap for that can be bought for less than €40 brand new (decent used ones can probably be found for half as much).
Credit the Germans that they didn’t put the gas tank in the passenger compartment (they could have; think about that cubby under the rear window). But Ford did with the first generation F-series pickup and saw no problem with that for nearly 30 years. The filler? Handily, in most years, right next to the drivers door. Plan your rollovers to avoid a live and fiery death.
Don’t forget the Porsche/VW 914.
Kept the internal boot fuel filler until 1976!